Pierwsze spotkania: podbój i kolonizacja Meksyku
Hernán Cortés i niewielka grupa hiszpańskich żołnierzy podbili Meksyk w 1521 roku, zaledwie dwa lata po wylądowaniu w pobliżu dzisiejszego miasta Veracruz. Szybki podbój Meksyku był możliwy dzięki armiom rdzennych Meksykanów, wrogów Azteków, których Cortés zwerbował jako swoich sojuszników. Z raportów, które Cortés przesłał królowi Hiszpanii Karolowi V, europejska publiczność była zdumiona, gdy dowiedziała się o istnieniu bogatych imperiów amerykańskich, takich jak imperium Azteków.
Historia podboju, która rozpoczęła się wkrótce po upadku Tenochtitlan, stolicy Azteków, i trwała przez trzy wieki panowania hiszpańskiego, została zilustrowana obrazami Cortésa, Motecuhzomy II, ważnych bitew, świątyń i meksykańskiego krajobrazu. Powstałe zapisy wizualne były przeznaczone przede wszystkim dla osób, które nigdy nie pojechałyby do Meksyku. I odwrotnie, pierwsze meksykańskie obrazy Hiszpanów powstały dla Motecuhzoma II przed przybyciem Hiszpanów do Tenochtitlan.
Spotkanie Cortésa i Motecuhzomy II
Cortés spotkał Motecuhzoma II na jednej z grobli prowadzących do Tenochtitlan 8 listopada 1520 r. Wydarzenie to było często ilustrowane w relacjach z podboju, takich jak Antonio de Solís, oficjalny kronikarz króla Filipa IV.
Ponieważ Hiszpanie nie wykonali żadnych portretów Motecuhzomy II za jego życia, jest on przedstawiany zgodnie z europejską koncepcją rdzennych Amerykanów: ubrany w spódnicę z piór i nakrycie głowy. I odwrotnie, wizerunek Cortésa oparty jest na portretach wykonanych za jego życia.
Cortés Otrzymany przez Motecuhzoma II, Jacobus Schijnvoet (holenderski, 1685–1733), 1723 lub 1724. Rycina w Antonio de Solís,Historia podboju Meksyku przez Hiszpanów, przeł. Thomas Townsend (Londyn, 1738), pl. skierowane p.1. Getty Instytut Badawczy, 88-B14533
Dwudziestowieczna interpretacja trasy Cortésa do Tenochtiltan
Mapy, podobnie jak przedstawienia ruin lub artefaktów, przekazują wiedzę o miejscach i rzeczach, których widz może nie doświadczyć z pierwszej ręki. Mapa Miguela Covarrubiasa, stworzona dla amerykańskich kolekcjonerów książek, to pochodząca z połowy XX wieku interpretacja inwazji Cortésa na Meksyk od wybrzeża Zatoki Perskiej po Tenochtitlan.
Trasa Cortésa jest zaznaczona na czerwono; ślady stóp przypominają te z Codex Boturini, manuskryptu Azteków, który opisuje migracje Azteków z Aztlan do Doliny Meksyku.
Szlak Hiszpanów z Veracruz do Tenochtitlan, Miguel Covarrubias (Meksykanin, 1904–1957), drzeworyt kolorowy w Bernal Díaz del Castillo,Odkrycie i podbój Meksyku, 1517–1521, przeł. Alfred Percival Maudslay (Meksyk, 1942), s. 66–67. Getty Instytut Badawczy, 2869-042
Obraz banera:Medycyna Wschodu, Einar de la Torre (Meksyk, ur. 1963) i Jamex de la Torre (Meksyk, ur. 1960), 2008. Szkło dmuchane i technika mieszana. Galeria Koplin Del Rio, Culver City
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